Dia do Indígena: Constituição garante proteção às terras e à cultura

Constituição garante proteção às terras e à cultura

[{"selector":"#anim-2d01ba0f-97e7-4569-922e-500a9a4cf238","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(113.14986%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":600,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e01eafe7-0606-4fbd-af67-2b196aec3abf","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":600,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-34748502-6ac1-4cc3-9f01-de7487b27e97","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":600,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-05810cd9-e289-47e5-9a4a-2c2407a7a02f","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(129.82456%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":600,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-59d322f7-373c-455f-83f6-2704db6a76d3","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":600,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-368a0847-b1bd-46a9-8029-1e626f06c096","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":600,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] Dia dos Povos Indígenas

A terra “é a nossa sobrevivência”, disse o indígena Idjarruri Karajá aos constituintes em 1987

[{"selector":"#anim-3fdd1b07-2128-4bf9-ba22-2bd552f1d4c5","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(120.13652%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-3390053e-0acf-47d7-997b-89493533b242","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d396ca62-26f4-4ba4-bbe9-3406682d4583","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}]

A Carta Magna levou em conta sugestões de Idjarruri e de outros líderes de aldeias para reconhecer direitos indígenas

[{"selector":"#anim-447e2db1-1bc7-40fd-8588-b3236f6abcb6","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(120.13652%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-05bb5a59-8cf4-4527-8416-c0b1dd6e93c5","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-25b4aa88-d16a-48fa-af44-55194dae14b7","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}]

Todas as constituições desde 1934 previam proteção à terra dos povos originários

[{"selector":"#anim-9f1296ff-57e8-4df9-9e03-592adfc9f02f","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(120.13652%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-896675b7-1576-4ce4-9546-fe37d6965b30","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-c750c118-594b-4e76-97dd-6c4fb6c2e5a9","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}]

[{"selector":"#anim-cbf8e836-b244-43e1-8454-1e2a5769ad72","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(120.13652%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-345bf7aa-e0b0-4f13-ae6c-22b07cc3ebf3","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6de044eb-9796-4629-8ee2-b2217fd47e9d","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] Mas a Constituição de 1988 foi a primeira a estabelecer outros direitos, como a cultura e a representação judicial

[{"selector":"#anim-b12cdab3-5a02-42a4-892d-9c183415622a","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(120.13652%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-64e2eb80-55fd-4c9f-9b19-c59ebb2c3480","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-3380280b-1954-4375-9410-ae70d7de7bcb","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] Os indígenas têm os mesmos direitos que qualquer brasileiro, como trabalhistas e previdenciários

[{"selector":"#anim-b916c06d-f7f4-4395-8386-6ecb24bf42da","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(120.13652%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-8949ee28-7f6d-4289-b5bb-a0b6868f6883","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-19799810-35b0-4173-9564-a4af99b2ae88","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] É garantida aos indígenas a posse permanente das terras tradicionalmente ocupadas, que são bens inalienáveis da União

[{"selector":"#anim-da47d9da-8fe6-4472-9539-c64c4b5ffff2","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(120.47782%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-c799588f-e726-46ba-bf81-1171fcd20d64","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1688e9d5-5171-4c33-bb3d-0c2374a3220d","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] São protegidas as áreas utilizadas para produção agrícola e preservação cultural, além das florestas necessárias ao bem-estar dos indígenas

[{"selector":"#anim-e8ee1bfa-981e-439e-a7c1-b136db5db8e9","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(120.47782%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-2697b735-dbae-4e7f-9aa0-583507614157","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-020edec6-3489-4805-afbd-c5ee5749c218","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] A remoção desses povos só pode ser autorizada, pelos parlamentares, em casos de catástrofes ou epidemias

Todas as terras indígenas deveriam ser demarcadas até 1993. Faz 35 anos que se discute quais são essas terras

[{"selector":"#anim-51bbf4e3-5fe3-4da8-9778-3202d81f7059","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(120.13652%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-52e9858d-8d14-499c-b572-51b07b7284b7","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-fbbb0263-a624-40fa-bcdd-79ae2fca30b3","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}]

Com a Lei 14.701, resultante de projeto aprovado em 2023 pelo Congresso, prevaleceu o entendimento do “marco temporal”

[{"selector":"#anim-f77c9be4-b0a5-4380-88c0-bfeac9096585","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(120.13652%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-45b527e6-227e-4b99-9285-a944f57ffa67","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-58bd27d4-4938-4fa5-a4f0-d23c56e19753","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}]

A lei afirma que são indígenas as terras ocupadas até a promulgação da Constituição, em 5 de outubro de 1988

[{"selector":"#anim-d5263955-6a01-4a65-bdd8-9c5ad65cff9f","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(120.47782%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-5c7d6e4f-497a-4a68-a4b2-dc1d5004b61d","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-98577de7-f2bf-4227-8a5c-e1b22eac0779","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}]

As terras demarcadas ocupam 13,7% do território nacional e 1,6 milhões de brasileiros se consideram indígenas

[{"selector":"#anim-6380c965-cdf4-4fc2-bfe8-d36a14175b2d","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(120.47782%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4e013283-ddf1-4776-975b-99417191d701","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a969524f-be88-401a-860c-b953d96a803d","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}]

Eles podem usufruir das riquezas do solo, rios e lagos dessas terras, vedado o garimpo

[{"selector":"#anim-953fc23b-13d5-44b6-b100-1dd296c90d4b","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(120.47782%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4690c85e-9bc0-4a7d-9a87-1d5c728d13f2","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9ea085c3-0341-4af1-a777-ffc1d10834ef","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}]

Porém, outras formas de exploração mineral e hídrica podem ser feitas com autorização do Congresso, no interesse da União

[{"selector":"#anim-0b3708b6-9959-4539-83cc-e46bc5e1fc5d","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(120.47782%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-5702243c-4e3d-4c74-a866-ebef3cd6a91d","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-b5908861-cc98-44ce-9f01-0c1a034a8a1d","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}]

As comunidades também podem participar dos resultados, nos casos de lavra mineral

[{"selector":"#anim-c629a4c1-3467-4cbb-ac3f-b8ed6123bc87","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(120.47782%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-be7e5bb7-89e4-4949-b60d-9a95888e721f","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-da6aeea4-e200-4089-8649-a8c04f06fbe1","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}]

Mas a lei que regerá a exploração ainda não existe. Isso gera conflitos, como em instalações de usinas hidrelétricas

[{"selector":"#anim-6a1a151f-9723-4638-93de-a0be7fb7b4ac","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(120.47782%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-2552ed97-1a73-4c19-be47-01e7c32b3bb6","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-68cae945-feab-49ab-9b6e-9912544309f9","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}]

O Dia do Índio, tradicionalmente comemorado em 19 de abril, se tornou Dia dos Povos Indígenas, com a Lei 14.402, mudança aprovada pelo Congresso em 2022

[{"selector":"#anim-28b32c6d-10f3-4ab7-853d-c97e409dffb1","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(120.47782%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-c9f3a69f-9a82-4480-bde9-62758c7c253d","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-b85790ea-683b-42ab-9823-9b0dbedc1646","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}]

Saiba mais:

[{"selector":"#anim-c2fb9551-6548-406f-871e-87fd004cebec","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

texto Igor Brito edição Rafael Faria pesquisa e edição de fotos Pillar Pedreira edição multimídia Pillar Pedreira fotos Acervo Câmara dos Deputados Escola Brasiliense de Fotografia Valter Campanato Bruce Albert/Acervo ISA Geraldo Magela/Agência Senado Marcos Bergamasco/Secom-MT Pedro França/Agência Senado Moreira Mariz/Agência Senado Marcos Oliveira/Agência Senado Leopoldo Silva/Agência Senado Ana Volpe/Agência Senado André Corrêa/Agência Senado Publicado em 19/4/2024