25 anos da Lei Antimanicomial

A Lei da Reforma Psiquiátrica foi um divisor de águas no tratamento de pacientes que sofrem com distúrbios, doenças e transtornos mentais

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A norma, que completa 25 anos, teve como marca registrada o fechamento gradual de manicômios e hospícios espalhados pelo país

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A principal diretriz da lei é internar o paciente apenas se o tratamento fora do hospital for ineficaz

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Em substituição aos hospitais psiquiátricos, o Ministério da Saúde determinou a criação dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPs)

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Os CAPs são espaços para o acolhimento de pacientes com transtornos mentais, em tratamento não-hospitalar

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A função é prestar assistência psicológica e médica, visando a reintegração dos doentes à sociedade

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A reforma psiquiátrica brasileira se inspirou nas ideias e práticas do psiquiatra italiano Franco Basaglia

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Crítico aos hospícios, Basaglia desenvolveu uma abordagem de reinserção territorial e cultural do paciente na comunidade

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O projeto de reforma psiquiátrica brasileira foi apresentado em 1989 pelo então deputado Paulo Delgado (MG). A proposta foi debatida por 12 anos

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No Senado, o projeto teve relatoria do ex-senador Sebastião Rocha (AP). Por ser um tema polêmico, foi difícil se chegar ao texto final

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De um lado, os representantes do movimento contra manicômios. De outro, médicos e parentes de doentes questionavam como seria a transição

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Atualmente, o país conta com 3 mil CAPs, 956 Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos, 86 Unidades de Acolhimento e 2,1 mil leitos psiquiátricos em hospitais

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Projeto de Veneziano Vital do Rêgo (MDB-PB) prevê que, em caso de não ter como incluir o paciente no ensino regular, o acesso à educação seja pelos CAPs

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Para o senador Humberto Costa (PT-PE), médico psiquiatra, a reforma manicomial foi um grande avanço, sendo reconhecida internacionalmente

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“Temos hoje um sistema na área de atenção à saúde mental que é inclusivo, respeita os direitos e as garantias individuais, referenciado na ciência”

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